脱氧核酶在重金属离子检测中的应用

Applications of DNAzymes in the Detection of Heavy Metal Ions

脱氧核酶(DNAzyme)是通过体外筛选技术(systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment,SELEX技术)得到的具有酶活性的单链DNA片段。与天然酶相比,脱氧核酶具有性质稳定、合成和修饰简单以及易于储存等优势。某些脱氧核酶对金属离子显示了高度的识别特异性,且酶活性与特定金属离子的浓度密切相关。这些特点使其在金属离子检测中的应用备受关注。本文对脱氧核酶在重金属离子传感器设计中的应用进行了总结和评述,重点讨论了荧光传感器和比色传感器的设计。

DNAzymes, obtained by in vitro screening technique （systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, SELEX technique）, are single-stranded DNAs with enzymatic activities. Compared to natural enzymes, DNAzymes are superior in terms of stability, ease of synthesis, modification and storage. As for some DNAzymes, they need specific metal ions as cofactors, and their enzymatic activities are highly dependent on the metal ion concentration. Their applications in metal ions detection have attracted more and more attention in these years. In this review, we summarized the researches on DNAzyme-based metal ion sensors. The focus is on the design of fluorescent sensors and colorimetric sensors.