贵州特优观赏山茶种质资源及其可持续利用探讨

Inquire into Peculiar Ornamental Camellia Couservation and Sustainable Using in Guizhou

贵州山茶属植物自然分布3个亚属12个组76个种，占山茶属组总数的60％和所有种数的35％。其中瘤果茶组、红山茶组和小黄花茶组的分布中心在贵州，它们在贵州的分布种数分别占了总种数的93％，51．1％和100％：在山茶亚属的6个组128个种中，贵州分布5个组和45个种，分别占83．5％和35．2％：而这些种的分布区大都很狭窄，属地区性特有植物，并且有许多像美丽红山茶（Camelliadelicata）等属于耐寒又具有优良观赏性状（花、果、叶、型），极具经济价值的新特优种质资源．由此，我们采用过地保护方法引种保存了美丽红山茶、小黄花茶（C.luteflora）等20个种质资源取得了成功，并在矮化丛技健型性状优化培育、驯化栽培和批量繁殖技术方面取得进展，为建立种苗基地示范提供优质种苗并开拓市场服务具有重要意义．

There are 3 subgenus including 12 section and 76 species wild Camellia in Gulzhou, and the total Section and species percentage differentiate is 60% and 35%, The center of Tubercalata sect, Camellia sect. And Luteoflora sect. is nature distributed in Guizhou and their species percentage differentiate is 93%, 51. 1% and 100%. There are 5 section and 45 species of subgen. Camellia, and their per cent are 83.5% and 35.2%. Those Camellia is endemic plant in Guizhou, They are endangered species, and their distribution is very narrow Especially, those species beong to rare and pechar ornamental germplasmae resources, because some of them are very beautiful and they are enjoyed by people. They have an important economic value. So we selected and introduced 35 species from good ornamental wild camellta, study on ex situ, breeding and sustainable using, and acquire succeed,extraordinary our works made considerable headway to good shape and properties cultivate and breeding from bruswood mold^making, for example Camellia luteflora, C delicata, and C longisty,