正义感与公民德性的培育

The Cultivation of a Sense of Justice and Civic Virtues

正义感是基本人性的体现,是公民德性的首要的基本的素养之一。正义感的缺乏会带来整个社会合作体系的崩溃。现代公民的正义感,诚如罗尔斯所言,是对人类生活需要合作,合作需要规则,规则必须是平等互惠的一种坚定信仰。作为一种道德情感,它是复合性的,它至少包含了感激、愤恨、负罪感与义愤。正义感来自于社会合作体系中产生的互惠、同情及实践公民权利时产生的责任感。正义感的培育有赖于公民社会的发育,通过教育公正、教师公正及尊重他人权利的教育来促进学生的正义感。

The sense of justice is the embodiment of the basic human nature, as well as one of the primary basic literacy of civil virtues. The absent of sense of justice will lead to the collapse of the whole social cooperation system. Just as Rawls says, the sense of justice of modern citizen is a firm belief in the concept that human life needs cooperation, cooperation needs rules, the rules must be equality and mutual benefit. As a compound moral emotion, it comprises at least gratefulness, resentment, guilt, and indignation. The sense of justice stems from the reciprocity and sympathy in the social cooperation system and the responsibility when civil rights are practiced. The cultivation of the sense of justice depends on the development of civil society. We can promote students＇ sense of justice with the education justice, faculty justice and respect for the rights of others.