张家港市2299名学龄前儿童龋病调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on Deciduous Dental Caries among 2 299 Preschool Children in Zhangjiagang

目的了解张家港市学龄前儿童龋病的流行情况及易感因素。方法抽取张家港市23所幼儿园的2 299名学龄前儿童对其进行口腔检查并发放问卷,由家长填写后统一收回。应用χ2检验筛选出乳牙龋病易感者的相关因素。结果学龄前儿童患龋率为61.11%,龋均为3.42,龋失充填率为2.79%;男童、女童患龋率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随着年龄的增长,患龋率升高,不同年龄组间患龋率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同牙位乳牙患龋率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),上颌乳中切牙患龋率最高,其次为下颌的乳磨牙;儿童口腔卫生、饮食习惯,父母口腔卫生知识、态度和行为等多因素与儿童乳牙龋病密切相关。结论张家港市学龄前儿童的患龋率较高,需早期开展预防工作;加强对父母口腔知识的宣传、刷牙指导,限制糖的摄入频率以及避免不当的进食方式对预防乳牙龋极为重要。

OBJECTIVE To make an investigation of caries of preschool children and conduct an analysis of high risk factors. METHODS 2 299 preschool children from 23 preschools in Zhangjiagang were selected for clinical examination, and collect the survey data completed by the parents. The related factors of dental caries were analyzed by chi-square test. RESULTS The caries prevalence rate of primary tooth was 61.11%, the mean dmft was 3.42, the filling rate was 2.79%, the caries prevalence rate has no statistical significance difference between boys and girls（P〉0.05）; but has statistically significant difference between different age groups（P〈 0.05）, as the growth of the age, the rate increases. Also the different tooth has statistical significance difference（P〈0.05）, the caries rate of maxillary central incisor was highest, followed by the molar of mandibular; children＇s oral hygiene, diet, parents＇ oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior factors closely related with the primary tooth caries. CONCLUSION There is high prevalence of primary tooth caries for preschool children in Zhangjiagang. It is necessary to reinforce early preventive measures; to strengthen oral health knowlede, brushing guidance, limiting amount of eating sugar and avoidance of unfit sugar intake habit were very important for preventing primary tooth caries.