长江中下游安庆沿江湖泊湿地夏季鸟类多样性调查

Bird diversity in summer in Anqing floodplain wetlands,middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River

湖泊湿地是鸟类的重要栖息地,湖泊湿地鸟类是湖泊生态系统重要的监测生物,湖泊湿地鸟类多样性及其影响因素的研究对湿地管理具有重要意义.2011年7 8月,采用样线法对长江中下游安庆沿江7个湖泊湿地的夏季鸟类资源进行了调查,以期为湖泊湿地资源管理提供依据.共记录到安庆沿江湖泊湿地鸟类14目35科82种,其中留鸟27种(占32.9%),夏候鸟37种(占45.1%);水鸟28种(占34.6%);肉食性、食虫和杂食性鸟类占多数,分别占30.5%、30.5%和23.2%;须浮鸥、夜鹭、丝光椋鸟、黑脸噪鹛、树麻雀、家燕等6种鸟类为优势种.物种数以黄大湖最高(50种),白荡湖和破罡湖最低(各28种);Shannon-Wiener指数以黄大湖最高(2.123),白荡湖最低(1.918);均匀度指数以龙感湖最高(0.865),菜子湖最低(0.739).进一步分析显示,鸟类物种数、多样性指数与湖泊面积呈显著正相关,鸟类物种数、多样性指数与干扰强度呈显著负相关.采取退田还湖、恢复湿地等途径增加湿地面积、生境类型和植被资源对于保护湖泊湿地的鸟类资源具有积极意义.

Lake wetlands are important habitats for birds.Wetland birds are considered as the key indicator of lake ecosystems.It is important to understand the relationship between wetland bird diversity and its ecological factors.We investigated 7 major lakes in Anqing floodplain wetlands,middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River,during July-August,2011.A total of 82 species of birds were found belonging to 14 orders and 35 families,of which resident birds accounted for 32.9％,summer migrators accounted for 45.1％,waterfowls accounted for 34.6％.Carnivore,insectivore and Omnivore made up 30.5％,30.5％ and 23.2％ of the total birds,respectively.Dominant species in the wetlands were Chlidonias hybridus,Nyticorax nyticorax,Sturnus sericeus,Garrulax perspicillatus,Passer m ontanus and Hirundo rustica.Among the 7 lakes,Huangda Lake ranked first in bird diversity index and species richness （H=2.123,S =50）.Baidang Lake ranked last in bird diversity index and species richness （H =1.918,S =28）.The species richness and diversity showed a positive relation to lake size,and a negative relation to disturbance density,respectively.From the view of bird diversity protection,we suggested taking steps to reclaim farmland to lakes and recover the vegetation in the lakes for increasing vegetation cover,wetland size and habitat types.