广州市海珠区地表水中致嗅物质及毒性分析

Research of odor compounds and toxicity in the surface water of Haizhu District in Guangzhou

为研究广州市海珠区地表水中的致嗅物质及其毒性,在海珠区珠江前后航道与湖泊池塘采集了21个水样,采用液液萃取-气质联用法对其中的土臭素、二甲基异茨醇等5种致嗅物质进行含量检测,并根据水样相关富营养化指标,探究这些致嗅物质的分布和来源.研究结果表明：海珠区地表水中含量最高的两种致嗅物质依次是土臭素（4.0 ～69.0 ng/L）和二甲基异茨醇（4.1～24.9 ng/L）;异臭味问题最严重的地表水体是珠江水,其次为湖泊池塘,水厂取水口的异臭味问题不明显;珠江前航道中致嗅物质的含量高于后航道,其中含量最高的河段为鳌洲码头段至广州大桥段,含量高达40.2～69.0 ng/L;致嗅物质的含量和分布与水体的污染和富营养化程度密切相关,广州市海珠区地表水的净化和治理形势严峻.另外,在可检出的浓度范围内,土臭素和二甲基异茨醇对发光细菌抑制率较高.

In this article,the method of GC/MS with liquid-liquid extraction is adopted to analyze the odor compounds in surface water of Haizhu District in Guangzhou.The 21 water samples were collected from the Pearl River and some lakes and ponds.Referring to the related eutrophication index of water samples detected,the source and distribution of the odor compounds have been researched.The results show that：Geosmin （4.0-69.0 ng/L） and 2-Methylisoborneol （4.1-24.9 ng/L） has the highest content.Among all the surface water in Haizhu District,the stench problem is most severe in Pearl River,followed by lakes and ponds,and the water intake is the least; The content of the odor compounds in the front channel is higher than that in the back one,especially in the section between Aozhou Dock and Guangzhou Bridge.It is found that the content and distribution of the odor compounds are closely related to the extent of water pollution and eutrophication,and the purification of surface water in Haizhu District is still facing a serious situation.In addition,Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol are highly toxic to the luminous bacteria in the detection range.