论卡尔·马克思与马克斯·韦伯的社会发展思想及当代意义

On the Social Developmental Thought of Carl Marx and Marx Webb and Its Contemporary Significance

卡尔·马克思认为资本主义的产生和发展是社会生产力不断发展和资本追逐利润共同作用的结果。在此过程中,人的异化是不可避免的。资本主义私有制和生产社会化的矛盾是资本主义社会本身固有的根本矛盾。而马克斯·韦伯认为资本主义的产生和发展是一个合理化或理性化的过程,是资本主义精神促成的结果,人类自身无法克服理性化所带来的苦果。二人提供了两种截然不同的社会变迁的理论,并引发人们在理论和现实层面对现代文明的批判和反思。

Carl Marx believes that the emergence and development of capitalism is the interaction of the development of social productive forces and capital chasing profits; in this process, human alienation is inevitable. The contradictions between capitalist private owner- ship and the socialization of production is the fundamental contradiction of capitalist society itself. Marx Webb believes that the emer- gence and development of capitalism is a process of rationalization, and a result of the spirit of capitalism; human beings are unable to overcome the consequences. The two sociologists provide two distinct social change theories which cause people to face criticism and re- flection of modem civilization in the theoretical and practical level