新疆节水生态农业现代化发展模式和保障措施研究

The Water-saving of Xinjiang's Ecological Agriculture Modernization Development Mode and Safeguard Measures Research

节水技术的推广,使新疆工业化、城镇化、农业现代化"三化"发展过程中农业用水制约性明显下降。节水生态农业提高了水资源的利用率、增加农户的经济效益、促进农业产业结构调整、优化生态环境。按照资源条件、经济发展水平和区位条件等,将新疆节水生态农业区域划分为生态资源较丰富经济欠发达区、农牧业主产区、城郊经济发达区、绿洲边缘节水区和外围的近沙区等5个区,并指出生态资源开发模式、"农—林—牧—加"复合生态运行模式、都市型生态农业发展模式、生态恢复和治理模式、沙区生态产业化模式等5种节水生态农业现代化发展模式的特色。提出节水"一体化"政策、构建节水生态补偿机制、健全水利法规、明晰水权、水价等措施,保障新疆节水生态农业现代化发展。

As the technology of Water-saving promoting, in the process of Xinjiang＇ s industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization developing, the agricultural water conditionality markedly reduces. Water conservation of ecological agriculture has improved utilization of water resources, increased the economic benefits of farmers, promoted the adjustment of agricultural structure, and optimized the ecological environment. According to the resource conditions, geographical conditions, and economic development level, the water conservation of ecological agriculture in Xinjiang area is divided into abundant ecological economy less developed area, farming and animal husbandry producing area, suburban economy developed area, oasis edge water area, and nearly sand area. This paper puts forward to ＂agriculture-forestry-animal husbandry-plus＂ compound ecological operation pattern, urban ecological agriculture development pattern, ecological restoration and management pattern, the industrialization of ecological pattern and five kinds of water-saving agricultural modernization development ecological pattern. Then discuss ＂integration＂ policy of water-saving, building water ecological compensation mechanism, improving the water law, clearing water fights and water price, and ensuring the water-saving of Xinjiang ecological agricultural modernization development.