六朝道教三官司命考述

On the Three Officials Si- ming of Taoism in the Six Dynasties

三官司命是早期天师道对传统司命信仰的创造性发展,此一信仰在六朝道教不同经系中发展态势不同,既呈现差异,又相互交融,虽有历史演变,但传统内核潜蕴其中。六朝天师道传统一脉三官司命发展主要体现在上章仪式和定期斋戒之中,显示出该信仰复杂化趋势,而此期灵宝经系对三官司命信仰吸收亦集中表现在科仪方面。六朝上清经派则别创新三官说,与冥界说相结合,并将三官司命纳入上清司命神系,由司命真人统领,体现出传统三官司命信仰的新转变,由此使该信仰别具特色。

The Three Officials Si - ming is a creative development which is made by early Way of the Heavenly Master to the traditional Si - rning belief, and it has different development tendency in various Taoist classic sects. The development of the Three Officials Si - ruing of the Way of the Heavenly Master in the Six Dynasties mainly focus on the ritual of presenting the petitions and the regular fasting, while the Three Officials Si - raing of the Ling - bao classic sect in this period also centers upon the Taoist rituals. The Shangqing classic sect creates a new kind of Three Official which is combined with the Shangqing＇ s underworld concept and this kind of Three Official is incorporated into the Shangqing＇ s Si - ruing God system, all which embody the new changes of the traditional Si -rning belief.