贵州农村地区冬季典型燃料产生的室内空气PM_(2.5)和CO排放污染特征研究

Indoor Air Pollution of PM_(2.5) and CO from Typical Domestic Fuel Combustion in Winter in Rural Areas of Guizhou

贵州冬季阴冷潮湿,农村家庭使用原煤和生物质燃料作为家庭做饭和取暖燃料,室内空气污染对居民健康造成潜在危害。论文选取贵州农村地区冬季典型燃料使用产生的室内空气PM2.5和CO排放为研究对象,研究其排放污染特征,并探讨室内空气CO-PM2.5浓度间的相关性。研究结果表明,不同类型燃料的家庭室内PM2.5浓度水平是燃煤>燃柴>沼气;厨房浓度高于客厅。燃煤的家庭厨房PM2.5浓度最高,为222.54±41.12μg/m3,燃柴家庭次之,为130.48±26.53μg/m3,燃沼气家庭的厨房为74.95±19.20μg/m3。室内CO浓度较低,不同类型燃料的家庭室内CO浓度水平是燃柴>燃煤>沼气。燃柴家庭客厅CO浓度最高,为3.16±0.73mg/m3,其次是燃柴家庭的厨房,为2.76±0.25mg/m3;燃煤家庭的厨房CO浓度较低,为2.32±0.33mg/m3;最低为燃沼气家庭的厨房,为0.66±0.07mg/m3。除沼气村外,燃煤及燃柴家庭室内(厨房和客厅)PM2.5浓度均超过环境空气质量标准(GB3095-2012)PM2.5限值75μg/m3,室内CO浓度均低于该标准中CO限值10mg/m3。固体燃料燃烧是贵州农村PM2.5的主要来源,室内PM2.5和CO浓度相关性分析表明二者不具有显著相关性,采用CO监测值来推算PM2.5以提高监测效率的应用可能性受到限制。研究表明,贵州农村地区需采取更加有效的干预措施以减少室内空气污染尤其是控制PM2.5排放。

Solid fuels such as raw coal and biomass were widely used for cooking and heating in the rural areas of Guizhou Prov ince as the weather was cold with high moisture in winter there. In that case, severe indoor air pollution was produced and sub- sequently presented a threat to human health. In this paper, the spatio-temporal distribution of indoor PMas and CO, and the relationship between the two pollutants were studied. The results showed that coal combustion produced more PMa~ than bio mass and biogas; kitchens had higher PMas concentrations than living rooms. The highest PMa~ was observed in the coal-use kitchens with a concentration of 222.54＋41.12 ~g/m3 ,followed by biomass-use kitchens at 130.48--26.53 μg/m3 ,and biogas- use kitchens at 74.95±19.20 μg/m3. On the contrary to the high PMas observed, the CO was relatively low. It was found that biomass combustion would generate more CO than coal and biogas. The highest CO was found in the living room of the bi omass use household where the mean value was 3.16±0.73 mg/m3. The CO was low at the kitchen of the coal-use family at 2.32±0.33 mg/ma, with the lowest value to 0. 66 ± 0. 07mg/m3 at the kitchen of the biogas family. As compared with the Ambient Air Quality GB 3095 2012, PMa in all scenarios except biogas-use group exceeded the safe limit of 75 μg/m3 ,while CO concentrations in all scenarios were much lower than the limit of 10 mg/m3 ,indicating that solid fuel combustion was the main source for indoor PM2.5 in the rural areas of Guizhou Province. In addition, it was found that the correlation between in- door PM2.5 and CO concentrations was insignificant, so it is not suitable to use CO as a proxy for PM2.5 monitoring. Interven tions for mitigating indoor air pollution, especially for PMas reduction, are still in urgent need for the rural areas of Guizhou Province.