建立一所“真正的大学”——美国研究型大学路径选择的国立大学运动(1869-1899)

On Building“A True University”:the National University Movement as a Choice of the American Research University(1869-1899)

内战后,美国社会各方面蓬勃发展,其高等教育也迫切需要新的突破。借参加欧洲世博会之机,约翰·霍伊特考察了欧洲各国高等教育,欧美之间的差距使得沉寂许久的国立大学计划作为美国高等教育发展的新方案再次被提起。该计划在全国教育(教师)协会中引起了长期的争论,关于国立大学的提案在国会也被屡屡提起。然而,由于其合宪性的质疑以及具体策略上的种种原因,美国人终究还是没有选择国立大学作为新时期高等教育的发展路径;不过,对这一计划的讨论使得美国高等教育的发展道路更加清晰,成为19世纪下半叶美国高等教育史上不可忽视的一页。

After the Civil War, a tremendous development appeared in America, and there was a pressing need for a new breakthrough in American higher education. Taking the opportunity of Europe Expo, John Hoyt investigated European higher education, and he was aroused by the gap between Europe and America. Then the plan of the national university was proposed by John Hoyt, which sparked off a long argument in National Education Association and even be discussed in the Congress. Because of the constitutionality and the specific strategy, the choice of building the national university was discarded. However, it made the development path of American higher education more distinct, which couldn＇t be ignored in the second half of the 19th century.