深圳石岩水库抗生素污染特征与健康风险初步评价

Research on pollution and health risk by antibiotics in source water of Shiyan Reservoir in Shenzhen

目的初步评价深圳石岩水库水体中10种抗生素的含量特征及其对人体的健康风险。方法分别于2012年9月（丰水期）和2013年1月（枯水期），采用固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法对石岩水库北线工程引水入口、石岩水库库中的3个采样点、石岩河入库断面、铁岗水库引水入口处水体中阿莫西林、甲硝唑、头孢氨苄、林肯霉素、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、红霉素、罗红霉素、头孢呋辛、氯霉素浓度进行检测，采用蒙特卡罗法对抗生素污染的人体健康风险进行评价。结果深圳石岩水库中甲硝唑、头孢氨苄、林肯霉素、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲嘧唑、红霉素、罗红霉素、头孢呋辛等8种抗生素的浓度水平在1．1～68ng，L范围内，其中林肯霉素、红霉素（脱水）、磺胺甲蟋唑和磺胺二甲嘧啶的含量较高，而阿莫西林和氯霉素未检出；抗生素浓度呈现出枯水期高于丰水期、入库支流高于库中和外部引水的规律；10种抗生素通过饮水途径所致的人体总健康风险介于5．55x10^-6-5．30x10^-4范围内，都远小于1，其中主要健康风险来自于林肯霉素和红霉素（脱水）；除了头孢呋辛以外，其他抗生素对成人的健康风险均低于儿童。结论目前深圳石岩水库中抗生素残留污染不会对人体产生明显的健康危害。

Objective To explore the pollution and the potential health hazards of ten selected antibiotics in source water of Shiyan Reservoir in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China. Methods The concentrations of antibiotics （amoxicillin, metronidazole, cefalexin,lincomycin, sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin-H20,roxithromycin,cefuroxime,chloromycetin） in water source from six points were determined in September, 2012 and January, 2013 in Shiyan Reservoir, by solid-phase extraction,high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Monte Carlo method was applied to assess the health risk of antibiotics pollution in the source water. Results Eight kinds of antibiotics including metronidazole, cefalexin, lincomycin, sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin-H20, roxithromycin, cefuroxime were detected in Shiyan Reservoir, with the concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 68 ng/L. The concentrations of lincomycin, erythromycin-H20, sulfadimidine and sulfamethoxazole were relatively higher than others, while amoxicillin and chloromycetin were not detected in six sampling points.The antibiotic contamination levels in dry season were higher than in wet season, and in Shiyan River were much higher than in the reservoir and external diversion. The total health risk of 10 antibiotics were in range of 5.55x10-6-5.30x104,which were much less than 1, the health risks came mostly from lincomycin and erythromycin-H20. The health risk for the adults were lower than that for the children caused by antibiotics except cefuroxime. Conclusion It can be considered that antibiotics in the source water of Shiyan Reservoir in Shenzhen won＇t cause obvious health hazard to human beings currently.