中山市室内新装修场所空气污染风险评估

Risk assessment of air pollution in newly decorated places in Zhongshan

目的了解中山市室内新装修场所的空气污染状况,探讨室内空气污染的风险评估方法。方法选择2007—2011年中山市室内新装修的家居、酒店(旅业场所)、商场、文化娱乐场所和办公场所,分别监测300、813、270、709和969点次,测定指标包括甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、总挥发性有机物(TVOC)和氡。计算空气质量指数(AQI),结合人体在不同场所的暴露时间,通过风险矩阵(RMA)模型进行风险分析。结果家居、旅业、办公场所、商场、文化娱乐场所的AQI均值分别为0.96、0.80、0.48、0.95和0.61,差异有统计学意义(F=9.474,P<0.001);2007—2011年各年度AQI均值呈逐年降低趋势(F=32.774,P<0.001)。人群主观感觉与空气质量等级存在正相关(rs=0.734,P<0.001)。利用RMA模型得到,家居场所空气污染处于高风险,商场和办公场所处于中等风险,文化娱乐场所和旅业处于低风险。结论基于空气质量和暴露时间,本次调查的新装修场所均存在一定的健康风险。

Objective To investigate the situation of air pollution and probe into risk evaluation method in the newly decorated places. Methods A total of 300, 813, 270, 709 and 969 air samples were collected from newly decorated places in 2007-2011 in Zhongshan respectively.The indexes included formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, TVOC and radon.The test data of newly decorated place was analyzed by air quality index （AQI） and risk matrix approach （RMA）. Results The mean values of AQI were 0.96, 0.80, 0.48, 0.95 and 0.61 for houses, hotels, offices, supermarkets and resorts respectively ,with significant difference （F=9.474, P〈0.001）. From 2007 to 2012, the mean values of AQI were significantly different （F=32.774, P〈0.001） and decreased gradually. There was positive correlation between AQI and multitude subjective sensation G=0.734, P〈0.001）. With the method of risk matrix approach, it was concluded that houses were at the high risk, supermarkets and offices were at moderate risk, resorts and hotels were at low risk. Conclusion Based on the air quality and exposure time, there is certain health risk in newly decorated places in this study.