美国普通高中课程改革的基本特征研究

A Study on the Basic Characteristics of the Ordinary Senior High School Curriculum Reform in the United States

构建高质量的普通高中课程体系是发达国家教育改革与发展的普遍趋势之一。自20世纪60年代以来,美国对普通高中课程进行了近半个世纪的改革,从标准化课程到限制性学术课程,再到大学预备课程,逐渐呈现出许多颇具特色的性质和现象。其改革的基本特征主要表现在:通过积极开展服务性学习项目强化普通高中课程与社会的联系;通过不断增加学术性课程内容完善普通高中核心课程内容体系;通过政策引导和机制优化推动职业与技术教育在普通高中课程中的融入和整合;通过积极推行二元入学课程促进学生的多样化发展趋向。

Building high quality ordinary senior high school curriculum system is the trend of the educational reform and development of the developed countries in the world. Many characteristics have gradually emerged since America started to implement ordinary senior high school reform in the 1960s of last century,which has undergone the change of curriculum from standardized,restrictive academic to university preparatory one. The basic characteristics of this reform include strengthening the connection between ordinary senior high school and the society by actively promoting service learning programs ,improving the core curriculum system of ordinary senior high school by steadily increasing the academic curriculum,promoting the integration of vocational with technological education in the ordinary senior high school curriculum through pohcy guidance and mechanism optimization,promoting the diverse development trend of the students by actively implementing the dual enrollment curriculum.