呼吸道感染患者病原菌分布及耐药性分析

Distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria causing respiratory tract infections

目的探讨医院呼吸道感染患者病原菌分布及其耐药性,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法收集2011年2月-2013年3月682例呼吸道感染住院患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其呼吸道感染的病原菌种类及其耐药性。结果共检出革兰阴性菌228株、革兰阳性菌153株、真菌91株;铜绿假单胞菌对氨苄西林、头孢克洛、头孢曲松、庆大霉素和磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶的耐药率分别为93.0%、69.8%、67.4%、67.4%和79.1%,金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、红霉素、阿奇霉素和克林霉素的耐药率分别为89.3%、78.6%、60.7%和75.0%。结论了解感染学病原菌分布及其耐药性,可指导临床合理使用抗菌药物,提高临床治疗效果,对控制医院感染具有重要意义。

OBJECTIVE To study the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria causing respiratory tract infections so as to guide the clinical treatment. METHODS The clinical data of 682 cases of respiratory tract infections who were hospitalized from Feb 2011 to Mar 2013 were collected, then the species of the pathogens causing respiratory tract infections and the drug resistance were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Totally 228 strains of gram-negative bacteria, 153 strains of gram-positive bacteria, and 91 strains of fungi have been isolated. The drug resistance rates of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ampicillin, cefaclor, Zcefatriaxone, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were 93. 0%, 69. 8%, 67. 4%, 67. 4%, and 79. 1%, respectivelyl the drug resistance rates of the Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clindamycin were 89.3%, 78.6%, 60. 7%, and 75. 0%, respectively. CONCLUSION The understanding of the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria may guide the reasonable clinical use of antibiotics and improve the therapeutic effect, which has great significance in the control of nosocomial infections.