猪主要繁殖性状的遗传参数估计

Estimation of Genetic Parameters on Reproductive Traits in Pigs

本研究旨在分析3个品种猪的繁殖性能的遗传参数，为目标群体的遗传评估奠定基础。利用DMU软件和动物模型估计20508条大白猪、4532条长白猪和11688条杜洛克猪母猪繁殖记录的总产仔数（TNB）、产活仔数（NBA）、21日龄窝重（L21WT）、断奶仔猪数（NW）性状的加性遗传、母体遗传、永久环境及与配公猪方差，同时考虑管理组的固定效应。结果表明：大白猪TNB、NBA、L21WT．及NW4个繁殖性状遗传力的估计值分别为0．08、0．07、0．05和0．04，长白猪分别为0．06、0．05、O．05和0．00，杜洛克猪分别为0．07、0．07、0．07和0．06；母体遗传效应小，在各个性状和各个品种之间的变化范围为0．00—0．02；永久环境效应估计值的变化范围为0．02～0．11，与配公猪效应估计值变化范围0．00～0．09：各品种各性状间均呈强正遗传相关。尽管各繁殖性状的估计遗传力低．但均在文献推荐范围之内．可望用于目标群体的遗传评估。

The objective of this study was to estimate breed-specific genetic parameters for reproductive traits, which can provide a basic information for the genetic evaluation among target population. Records on 20 508 Yorkshire,4 532 Landrace, and 11 688 Duroc litters test between 2006 and 2012 in Zhu Mei Pig Breeding Group Ltd., Henan Province, were analyzed. Animal model and DMU software were used to estimate variances of animal genetic （a）, maternal genetic （m）, permanent environmental, and service sire for total number born （TNB）, number born alive （NBA）, litter weight at 21 d （L21WT）, and number weaned （NW）. Fixed effects of contemporary groups were included in the analysis. As a result, estimates of heritabilities were 0.08, 0.06, and 0.07 for TNB; 0.07, 0.05, and 0.07 for NBA; and 0.05, 0.05, and 0.07 for L21WT; and 0.04, 0.00, and 0.06 for NW in the Yorkshire, Landrace, and Duroc breeds, respectively. Estimates of maternal genetic effects were low and ranged from 0.00 to 0.02 for all traits and all breeds. Estimates of permanent environmental effects ranged from 0.02 to 0.11. Estimates of service sire effects ranged from 0.00 to 0.09. The genetic correlations were strongly positive for all traits and all breeds. Ahhough estimates of heritabilities for litter traits were low and similar across breeds, the results were in the recommended range of relevant literature. This result of the study was expected to be used to genetic evaluation among target population.