摘要
本文旨在分析碳排放权配额实践的国际经验,及它对国内碳交易试点地区开展碳排放权配额分配的启示。当前国内碳交易试点已取得了积极进展,但也面临着如何制定和实施碳排放权配额分配方案的难题。根据国际上各个排放权交易市场实践的经验和教训,免费发放的祖父法(欧盟温室气体排放交易市场)、拍卖法(美国区域温室气体减排行动)、按固定价格购买(澳大利亚碳交易市场)以及混合法(新西兰碳交易市场)等不同配额分配方式均有各自的优劣点,并不存在一个适合于任何地区任何阶段的最优分配方法。国内碳交易试点地区应该根据自身的实际条件和政策取向,在配额分配方式的可接受性、公平、效率、市场流动性和稳定性等各方面进行平衡,选择和创新适合自己需要的配额分配方式。试点地区需要在配额分配方案制定和实施的过程中从只关心配额分配结果的思维定式中跳出来,更为注重如何达到结果的过程,努力做到"政府主导、方法科学、多方参与、过程公开、结果公正",从而为继续推进国内碳交易试点工作打下坚实基础。
This article analyzes the lessons learnt from the international experience of allocating carbon emissions allowances for the domestic carbon emissions trading pilot programs.The emissions trading pilots in China have achieved significant progress but also face the challenge of formulating and implementing permit allocation method.Based on the experiences and lessons learnt from other jurisdictions such as the European Union,the U.S.,Australia,and New Zealand,this article examines the advantages and disadvantages of different permit allocation methods and argues that the permit allocation methods of the emissions trading pilots in China should be structured on their respective circumstances and policy orientations.In addition,this article identifies that a sound permit allocation method needs to be balanced among several key factors,inter alia,acceptability,fairness,efficiency,market liquidity and stability,etc.Therefore when constructing emissions trading pilots in China,setting up the permit allocation method requires a strong government participation and guidance,and it is supposed to be based on an open and fair basis upon which a multistakeholder involvement process is also needed. Keywords:carbon emission permit; allocation method; emissions trading pilot
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第12期10-15,共6页
China Population,Resources and Environment
关键词
碳排放权配额
分配方法
碳交易试点
carbon emission permit
allocation method
emissions trading pilot