农田生态盈亏空间差异与跨区域均衡机制——基于生态账户的武汉城市圈实证分析

Spatial Differences of Farmland Eco-Surplus/deficit and Its Regional Equilibrium Mechanism—Based on the Ecological Account of Wuhan Metropolitan Circle

区域农田生态补偿是协调区域经济发展与农地保护矛盾的重要机制,而补偿区域的划分是进行跨区域农田生态补偿的前提。本文在对武汉城市圈48个县(市、区)进行农田生态足迹/承载力计算的基础上,对武汉城市圈进行农田生态补偿类型区划分,并提出生态补偿优先级指数作为武汉城市圈进行跨县域农田补偿先后顺序确立的依据。结果表明:2008年武汉城市圈的农田生态足迹为858.26×104hm2/cap,生态承载力为755.54×104hm2/cap,总体上呈现出农田生态赤字的状态,赤字面积为102.72×104hm2/cap,武汉城市圈农田生态足迹和农田生态承载力的空间分布均非常不均衡。依据农田生态盈亏值,划分农田生态补偿支付区和受偿区,武汉城市圈共有麻城市、仙桃市等24个县(市、区)被划分为农田生态补偿受偿区和武昌区、铁山区等24个支付区。根据农田生态补偿优先级指数公式,在武汉城市圈48个县(市、区)中,经济发展程度和城市化水平最高的江汉区等11个中心城区是农田生态系统服务最大的输入区,属于优先支付区;东西湖区等13个工业发达地区则属于一般支付区;黄陂区等14个正处在快速发展阶段的县(市、区)则属于一般受偿区;而经济欠发达的、农业收入比重较大的安陆市等10个县(市、区)则是农田生态服务的最主要的输出地区,应优先享受区域生态补偿,属于优先受偿区。

Farmland eco-compensation is an important mechanism for balancing regional economic development and farmland preservation,and the zoning of farmland eco-compensation is the key point to improve the efficiency of farmland eco-compensation.In this paper,after calculating the farmland eco-footprint/capacity of Wuhan Metropolitan Circle,we classify the 48 districts/towns surrounding Wuhan City into two types according to their farmland ecological gain/loss.The eco-compensation priority sequence index （ECPSI） was put forward to quantify the urgency of farmland eco-compensation.The results showed the farmland eco-footprint in Wuhan Metropolitan Circle achieved as much as 858.26 × 104hm2/cap,while the farmland eco-capacity was 755.54 × 104 hm2/cap.What＇s more,both the distribution of farmland eco-footprint and capacity are uneven spaciously.In Wuhan Metropolitan Circle,according to the results of farmland ecological account,the amounts of districts which pay farmland eco-compensation is 24,the rest 24 districts/towns should receive farmland eco-compensation from other districts/towns.The ECPSI of the 48 districts/towns of Wuhan Metropolitan Circle showed that 11 of the 48 most developed districts/towns had the lowest ECPSI and should pay the farmland ecocompensation firstly; 13 of the 48 districts/towns had the lower ECPSI and should pay the farmland eco-compensation,indicating that the those districts/towns benefited from the other distracts＇ farmland eco-service; 14 of the 48 districts/towns had the higher ECPSI and should get farmland eco-compensation,10 of the 48 districts/towns,which usually were the developing distracts had the highest ECPSI and had the priority to receive farmland eco-compensation.The results provides fundamental guidance for government＇ s decision on regional farmland protection and helps construct China＇ s farmland eco-compensation mechanism.