劳动力成本上升背景下废旧物资回收企业与政府行为分析——一个激励契约的设计

The Analysis of Waste Recycler and Government's Behavior under the Context of Rising Labor Costs: A Design of Incentive Contract

废旧物资回收和处理已经成为一个世界性课题,研究中国劳动力市场机会成本不断上升趋势下,废旧物资回收企业与政府行为的双向选择问题,对于规范我国废旧物资回收市场主体行为,指导再生资源产业发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文通过对回收企业行为分析,理论上得出随着劳动力成本上升,回收企业会选择放弃废旧物品回收行业而转向其他更高收入行业;政府通过设计相应的激励契约会促使回收企业继续从事废旧物品回收工作。设立基于激励相容理论的数学模型并分析模型结果,最后通过数值算例得到系统参数对回收企业和政府决策的影响。结果表明,劳动力机会成本的上升导致了回收市场的疲软和不景气,该部分机会成本由政府给予补偿后,会达到回收企业和政府的双赢局面;回收数量的增加在为经济提供更多再生资源的同时,也带动了社会环境效益的增加;回收行为的随机性以及回收能力、回收难度等参数对回收努力程度、政府对回收企业的激励因子、双方利益都有不同程度的影响。

Recycling and processing of the used materials has become a worldwide topic. Based on the fact that the opportunity cost of labor in China is rising, studying the question of the two-way choice of waste recycler and the government＇ s behaviours is of important theoretical and realistic significance, such as normalizing the main-body behaviour in recycling market and guiding the development strategy of renewable resources industry. By the theoretical analysis of recycler＇ s behaviour, the paper reveals that with rising labor costs, the recycler will abandon waste recycling, and turn to other higher-wage industries. Government motivates recyclers to continue engaging in recycling by designing some relevant incentive contracts. Based on the theoD＇ of Incentive Compatibility, the paper established a mathematical model and analyzed its results, and finally, took a numerical example to study, the impacts on recyclers and the decision-making of government by system parameters. Results show that the rising opportunity cost of labor leads to weakness of the recycling market, and after the compensation made by the government, it may reach win-win situation of the recyclers and government. The increase of used materials not only provides more renewable resources for economy, but also leads to the growth of social and environmental benefits. Moreover, the parameters such as the randomness of recycling behaviours, the recovery ability and recovery difficulty have different impacts on the recovery efforts, the government＇ s incentive factor and the interests of recyclers and the government.