上海中学生急救知识和技能培训的效果观察

The role of training program on first-aid knowledge and skills in middle school students

目的探讨中学生急救知识和操作技能培训的方法、意义及效果观察。方法采用多种培训形式相结合的方法对不同年级的303名中学生进行心肺复苏理论知识和操作技能及青少年常见意外伤害急救知识培训,在培训前后对中学生心肺复苏和常见意外伤害急救知识进行测评。培训结束后每3个月进行1次测评,共随访1年,以确定复训时间。结果 303名中学生普遍缺乏心肺复苏理论知识和操作技能,亦缺乏青少年常见意外伤害的急救知识。通过培训,初中组和高中组考核合格率分别由0.7%和13.2%上升至79.2%和88.1%,两组培训前后得分自身比较,差异均有统计学意义(初中组:t=30.61,P<0.01;高中组:t=21.10,P<0.01);培训后初中组和高中组CPR操作技能考核的合格率分别为95.8%和100.0%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组培训结束后3、6、9、12个月共4次进行问卷测试,培训后3个月与培训后即刻急救知识测试成绩差异有统计学意义,培训后3个月初中组和高中组测试成绩均较培训后即刻明显降低(均P<0.05),培训后第12个月测试成绩与培训前差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论中学生普遍缺乏CPR等相关知识,初中及高中生经培训后均能掌握CPR操作,建议尽快、尽早将CPR等急救知识纳入中学生教育课程。

Objective To investigate the methods, significance and effects of training courses concerning first-aid knowledge and skills in middle school students. Methods A total of 303 middle school students from different grades were trained for the theory and operational skill of CPR and the first-aid knowledge of accidents which were commonly happened in teenage by lectures and practice. Before and after the initial training, their CPR and first-aid knowledge were evaluated. A post-training evaluation for these students was performed every 3 months in one-year duration to find out the suitable time for re-training. Results The 303 middle school students were generally lack of the knowledge for CPR and first aid of teenage common acci- dents. After the training, the percentage of students who past the exam in the junior high school group and senior high school group increased from 0.7% to 79.2% and 13.2% to 88.1%, respectively. Self-comparison for the scores of the test in each group showed statistical difference between before and after training （junior high school group： t = 30.61, P 〈 0.01; senior high school group： t = 21.10, P 〈 0.01）. After the training, the pass rate of CPR skills test for junior high school group and senior high school group were 95.8% and 100.0% respectively, there was no statistical difference between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. After the training, both groups had a questionnaire test every three months （3th, 6th, 9th and 12th months）.These data demonstrated that for the both two groups, there were statistical difference between the scores in 3th month and that just after the training, the scores of the test in 3th month was much lower than that just after the training （P 〈 0.05）. There was no statistical difference between the scores of the test before training and that in the 12th month （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion Most of the middle school students in Shanghai are lack of CPR knowledge. The training of CPR and other first-aid skill should be added to the secondary education curriculum as soon as possible.