1Mc Parland M, Noble LM, Livingston G. The effectiveness problem -based learning compared to traditional teaching undergraduate psychiatry [ J ]. Med Edu, 2004,38 ( 8 ) : 859 - 867.
9GLEN S,WILKIE K.Problem-based learning in nursing:A new model for a new context?[M].Malaysia:MACMILLAN PRESS LTD,2001:5-60.
10GERZINA T M,WORTHINGTON R,BYRNE S,et al.Student use and perceptions of different learning aids in a problem-based learning(PBL) dentistry course[J].J Dental Educ,2003,67(6):641-653.
9Townsend G.porblem-based learning intevretions tradaitional cuniculum are an effective learning tool[J].Evid Based Dent,2011 ; 12(4):115-116.
10Salinitri FD, Connell MB, Garwood CL, et al. An objective st ructured clinical examinat to assessproblem to assessprob- lern - based Learning[ J]. Am J Pharm Educ ,2012,76 ( 3 ) : 44.
