关于城市语言调查的几点思考

Reflections on Urban Language Survey

文章从已有研究案例出发,就城市语言调查中调查对象的选择、调查材料的分析与调查方法的采用三方面所存在的问题与不足提出新的思考:(1)调查对象的选择要注意对象选择的针对性与人口类别的差异性;(2)调查内容要注意年龄级差与方言濒危、年龄因素与变式选择、语言态度与语言使用之间关系的复杂性;(3)调查方法方面要注意抽样的随机性、样本的代表性以及多种调查方法的选择与综合运用。

Based on existing case studies, the paper points out some problems in current researches on urban language survey concerning the choice of survey objects, the analysis of survey materials and the adoption of survey methods. New considerations are presented from three aspects： （1） attention should be paid to the object pertinence and categorical differences of the informants; （2） in the analysis of survey materials, attention should be paid to the complex relationship between age grading and endangered dialects, between the age factors and the variant selection, between language attitudes and language use; （3） when choosing survey methods, attention should be paid to the randomness of sampling, the representativeness of the samples, and the integrated use of various survey methods.