新生儿气管主支气管的应用解剖

Applied Anatomy of Trachea and Bronchi in New-born Cadavers

研究新生儿气管、主支气管的长度、管径、气管叉夹角及毗邻关系。方法：在手术显微镜下对气管、主支气管及毗邻关系进行观测。结果：气管长（３７．０５±３．８７）ｍｍ，左主支气管长（１６．９６±２．５２）ｍｍ，右主支气管长（９．３８±１．６１）ｍｍ，气管内周径、内横径、内前后径分别是（１５．３２±１．１６）ｍｍ、（４．６９±０．４１）ｍｍ、（３．６２±０．４６）ｍｍ，左主支气管内周径、内横径、内前后径分别是（１０．３７±１．５５）ｍｍ、（３．２２±０．４１）ｍｍ、（２．４２±０．４２）ｍｍ．右主支气管内周径、内横径、内前后径分别是（１１．７７±１．３２）ｍｍ、（３．７４±０．３９）ｍｍ、（２．８７±０．４７）ｍｍ，气管叉夹角为（７４．９３±４．８４）°。颈段气管前方颈前静脉弓出现率为１００％．胸腺均伸入到颈静脉切迹上方，头臂干、甲状腺下动脉、左头臂静脉、甲状腺下静脉的出现率分别是（２６．６６±８．０７）％、（２６．６６±８．０７）％、（１３．３３±６．２１）％、１００％。结论：气管的长度随身高增加而加长，左、右主支气管与气管长轴的夹角不等并非生后发育所致，甲状腺下动脉、头臂千出现率较高。

Objective:To investigate the lengths of trachea and bronchi,their internal diameterns,the angle at the bifurcation and their syntopie in new-born cadavers. Methods:Under operating microscope,the trachea,bronchi were dissected out and their syntopie was observed. Results: The mean length of the trachea was (37. 05 ± 3. 87)mm, the left bronchus measures (16. 96 ± 2. 52)mm and the right one, (9. 38 ± 1. 61 )mm. The internal perimeter, the internal tranverse diameter and the internal anterioposterior diameter of the trachea were (15. 32 ± 1. 16 ) mm, (4. 69 ± 0. 61 ) mm, (3. 62 ± 0. 46 ) mm, respectively. Those of the left bronchus were (10. 37± 1. 55)mm, (3. 22±1 0. 41 )mm and (2. 42± 0. 42)mm, respectively. Those of the right bronchus were (11. 77 ± 1. 32)mm, (3. 74 ± 0. 93)mm and (2. 87± 0. 47) mm, respectvely. The angle of the bifurcation of the trachea was (74. 93 ± 4. 84 )°. The frequency of occurrance of the arens venosus juguli anterior was 100 percent. Thymus glands all extanded above the jugular notch. The frequencies of brachiocephalic trunk, arterior thyreoidea inferior the left brachiocephalic vein and vanac thyreoideae inferiors were (26. 66 ± 8. 07) %, (26. 66 ± 8. 07) %, (13. 33 ± 6. 21 ) % and 100%. Conclusion: The length of the trachea was increased as the body height increases. The angle between the long axis of the trachea and the right bronchus differs from that between the long axis and the left bronchus, and the difference was not caused by growth after birth. The frequency of arteria thyreoidea inferior and that of brachiocephalic trunk were greater than previeus reports.