渭河下游农户生活用能的区域地理特征响应

Responses of the Rural Household Energy Use to the Regional Geographical Features in the Lower Reaches of the Weihe River

深入认识农户生活能源选择与区域地理特征的关系,有助于科学制定农村生活能源政策,合理引导家庭用能发展。基于临渭区的问卷调查数据与遥感影像资料,利用ArcGIS软件及贡献率模型,探究了渭河下游农户生活用能对区域地理特征的响应,结果表明:①地理特征影响区域用能结构。平原型地区交通便利,化石能源使用量大;台塬地区种植业发达,清洁生物能源沼气利用多;丘陵地区林木丰富,薪柴使用占绝对主导地位。②不同能源对地理特征响应不一。作物秸秆利用与公路覆盖、地形(高程、地形起伏与坡度)负相关,与耕地相关性弱;薪柴消费对地形、建设用地、耕地等因素响应明显;煤炭与公路覆盖、建设用地、耕地等因素正相关,坡度大、林地多,用煤受影响;沼气在交通好的地方或林草地多、高程与地形起伏大的山区发展受限,在耕地与人口多的地方,有采用优势。③优势能源类型的功能分区可有效服务于政策调控。山区内部单独使用薪柴的可能性高,平原与台塬地区更适于发展沼气或煤炭与沼气混用。④农户生活用能受多方面因素影响,地理特征具有重要的基础性作用,尤其对于不同类型区域。土地利用、交通条件等发生变化可直接引起区域用能的结构调整。

It is helpful for scientifically drawing up the energy policy and reasonably guiding the rural house- hold development to study the impacts of the regional geographical features on the energy consumption. Tak- ing Linwei District, Shaanxi Province as a case, the responses on the rural household energy use to the regional geographical features in the lower reaches of the Weihe River are studied by questionnaire survey face to face, remote sensing image, G1S technology, and contribution rate method. The conclusions are as follows. Firstly, the rural household energy use in different regions is depended on the regional geographical features. In the plain the more fossil energy is used because of the convenient transportation conditions, in the loess tableland the clean energy biogas is utilized more as a result of the advanced and developed farm industry, while in the hill the firewood is the absolutely dominant energy type on account of the rich forest resources. Secondly, the response of each kind of energy to the geographical features is different. Straw is dramatically impacted by the factors of the road cover and terrain, while it is irrelevant to the cultivated land. Firewood consumption is influ- enced obviously by the factors of the terrain, construction land and cultivated land. Coal consumption is close- ly related to the road cover, construction land and cultivated land, while it is restricted in the hilly and wooded regions. Biogas is possibly popular to be used in the regions which possess more cultivated land or larger popu- lation, while it is restrained in the regions where there is convenient transportation or hilly land. Solar energy consumption is obviously advantageous in the regions which have more cultivated or construction land. On the contrary, it is disadvantageous to be utilized in the regions, where there is higher altitude or more forest land. Honeycomb briquette and electricity on the whole belong to the common energy types and are utilized here and there in the study area, so they are not influenced obviously by the geographical features. Thirdly, the func- tional zoning of the dominant energy type is instructive to work out the policy of rural energy use. The fire- wood is more possible to be used in the hill while the biogas and coal are easier to be adopted in the plain or the loess tableland. The coal or firewood is possible to be displaced partly by the electricity, liquefied petro- leum gas or natural gas in the plain, where its transportation is convenient and the economy development level is high. Finally, the paper points to that the rural household energy use is comprehensively affected by many factors, but the factors of the geographical features are primary and essential, especially to the different types of regions. Of course, change of the land use or transportation condition will result in the adjustment of region- al energy use structure.