七种杀菌剂对蘑菇褐腐病菌的药效及对双孢蘑菇的安全性评价

Control efficacy of seven fungicides against Mycogone perniciosa and their safety evaluation to Agaricus bisporus

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了7种杀菌剂对蘑菇褐腐病菌Mycogone perniciosa Magn.的室内毒力及其中5种杀菌剂对双孢蘑菇Agaricus bisporus的室内安全性,并通过田间小区试验评价了其中6种杀菌剂对蘑菇褐腐病的药效及对双孢蘑菇的安全性。室内测定结果表明:多菌灵、咪鲜胺、噻菌灵、百菌清、苯醚甲环唑及戊唑醇对蘑菇褐腐病菌的毒力均较强,EC50值分别为0.036 9、0.024 5、0.296、0.136、0.036 0和0.058 1 mg/L,福美双毒力较弱,EC50值为88.0 mg/L;多菌灵和百菌清对双孢蘑菇较安全,苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇及福美双对其有药害风险。田间试验结果表明:按有效成分质量分数计,50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂(WP)250、500和1 000 mg/kg,50%咪鲜胺锰盐WP333、266和200 mg/kg,75%百菌清WP 375 mg/kg对蘑菇褐腐病的防效较好,且对双孢蘑菇生长无显著影响;而采用43%戊唑醇悬浮剂(SC)143.3、86.0 mg/kg防治褐腐病时,双孢蘑菇的减产率分别为20.54%和13.19%,采用10%苯醚甲环唑可分散粒剂(WG)33.3 mg/kg时,减产率为4.73%,表明这2种杀菌剂对双孢蘑菇的安全性较差,不宜用于防治蘑菇褐腐病;50%福美双WP1 000和500 mg/kg均会造成蘑菇出菇推迟,而166.7 mg/kg的防效较差,因此也不宜用于防治蘑菇褐腐病。

Toxicity of 7 fungicides against Mycogone perniciosa Magn. and safety evaluation of 5 fungicides to Agaricus bisporus in lab were determined by measuring the growth rate of mycelium.Field trials were conducted to ascertain the control efficacy of 6 fungicides against M. perniciosa and their biological safety to A. bisporus. The results in lab showed that carbendazim,prochloraz,thiabendazole,chlorothalonil,difenoconazole and tebuconazole all exhibited great inhibition to M. perniciosa,with the EC50 value of 0.036 9,0.024 5,0.296,0.136,0.036 0 and 0.058 1 mg/L,respectively.Thiram was comparatively less effective,with the EC50 value of 88.0 mg/L. The results in lab of safety evaluation of several fungicides to A. bisporus showed that carbendazim and chlorothalonil were safe to A. bisporus,while difenoconazole,tebuconazole and thiram had some injury risk to A. bisporus.The field trials revealed that carbendazim（500 g/kg WP）,prochloraz-manganese chloride complex（500 g/kg WP） and chlorothalonil（750 g/kg WP） had good control efficacy against M. perniciosa,and was safe to A. bisporus,at the dosage of 250-1 000 mg/kg,200-333 mg/kg and 375 mg/kg,respectively.Tebuconazole（430 g/L SC） decreased the yield of A. bisporus by 20.54% and 13.19%,at the dosage of 143.3 mg/kg and 86.0 mg/kg,respectively.Difenoconazole（100 g/kg WG） decreased the yield of A. bisporus by 4.73%,at the dosage of 33.3 mg/kg.These results demonstrated that tebuconazole and difenoconazole should not be used to control M. perniciosa.Thiram（500 g/kg WP） caused fruiting delay of A. bisporus at 1 000 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg,and showed poor control efficacy at 166.7 mg/kg in the prevention and treatment of mushroom brown rot disease,suggesting it should not be used to control M. perniciosa either.