2011—2012年湖北省十堰市城乡活禽市场禽流感监测分析

Surveillance of avian influenza in alive poultry markets in urban and rural areas in Shiyan,Hubei,2011-2012

目的 监测湖北省十堰市城乡活禽市场中禽流行性感冒（禽流感）病毒的分布状况，为人禽流感防控提供参考依据。方法 2011-2012年，设置十堰市区和郧县两个监测点，每季度从各监测点采集10~15份外环境标本（冲洗水、污水、禽类粪便及笼具表面等），累计采集210份，以实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测禽流感病毒核酸FluA，阳性者检测H5、H7、H9亚型核酸和N1核酸。结果 FluA、H5、H7、H9和N1的检出率依次为47.62%、19.52%、0、34.76%和17.62%。FluA检出率最高的环境标本为冲洗禽类的污水（65.22%），最低的为禽类粪便（36.62%），阳性标本多数明确来自鸡源，少数来自鸽和鸭。FluA、H5与H9的检出率均在一、三季度较低，二、四季度较高，H5检出率总体上低于H9。市区禽流感病毒核酸FluA、H5、H9和N1检出率均明显高于郧县。结论 十堰市城乡活禽市场的禽类与外环境中常年流行着H5和H9等多种亚型禽流感病毒，应积极采取综合性防控措施。

Objective To understand the circulation of avian influenza virus （AIV） in Shiyan, Hubei province, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of human infection with AIV. Methods Two surveillance sites were set up in urban area of Shiyan and in Yunxian county, and 210 out-environment samples （washing water, filthy water, feces, cover of cage, etc. ） were collected from these surveillance sites from 2011 to 2012 to detect nucleic acid of AIV, the positive samples were further detected for H5, H7, H9 and N1 nucleic acid with real-time PCR. Results The viral nucleic acid detection rates of AIV, H5, H7, H9 and N1 were 47. 62% , 19. 52%, 0, 34. 76% and 17. 62% respectively. The AIV detection rate was highest in washing water and lowest in feces. Most positive samples were from chickens, only small number of them were from pigeons and ducks. The detection rates of AIV, subtype H5 and H9 were low in spring and autumn but high in summer and winter. The detection rate of subtype H5 was lower than subtype H9. The detection rates of AIV, subtype H5, H9 and N1 were higher in the urban area of Shiyan than in Yunxian. Conclusion AIV, including subtype H5 and H9, circulated in poultry in alive poultry markets in Shiyan, so it is necessary to take active prevention and control measures to prevent and control human infection with AIV.