中学生亲子依恋与故意自我伤害行为的相关性研究

Relationship between parent-child attachment and deliberate self-harm behaviors in middle school students

目的了解中学生故意自伤行为的发生情况,分析不同形式的亲子依恋对自伤行为发生的影响。方法分层整群选取我国4省市14 221名在校城乡中学生为研究对象,比较不同性别及不同亲子依恋程度间自我伤害行为检出率的差异;以Spearman相关分析亲子依恋各维度的相关性;并建立多因素Logistic回归模型,分析亲子依恋对中学生自我伤害行为发生的影响。结果中学生故意自伤行为的检出率为24.9%,偶发自伤检出率为8.5%,反复自伤检出率为16.4%。男生自伤行为和反复自伤行为的检出率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。父/母子依恋是中学生自伤行为发生的重要影响因素,受性别、年级、户口所在地、父母文化程度、是否独生子女、自评家庭经济条件、亲密的朋友数量个数等指标的影响较小。高母子信任水平和高父/母子沟通水平是中学生自伤行为发生的保护因素,而高父/母子疏离程度会增加自伤行为发生的风险。结论亲子依恋是中学生自伤行为发生的重要影响因素,积极改善亲子关系,对中学生自伤行为的防控具有十分重要的意义。

Objective To describe the prevalence of deliberate selfharm （DSH） behaviors,and determine the relation ship between parentchild attachment and DSH behaviors in middle school students. Methods A total of 14 221 middle school students were selected using cluster sampling method in Shenyang,Xinxiang,Chongqing and Guangzhou city. Invento ry of Parent and Peer Attachment （IPPA） and DSH items were used to assess sleep quality and psychosomatic symptoms, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the dimensions of parentchild at tachment. The relationship between the parentchild attachment with DSH was analyzed using Pearson Chisquare and logis tic regression. Results A total of 3 546 （24.9~） students reported that they had harmed themselves deliberately in the past 12 months. The act of DSH behaviors occurring 1 ~ 2 and ~3 times accounted for 8.5 ~/00 and 16.4 ~ of all respondents, respectively. The act of DSH was reported significantly higher among boys than girls. It suggested that the incidence of the DSH behaviors among students with poor parentchild attachment （trust,communication, alienation with parents） was sig nificantly higher than students with better parentchild attachment. Muhivariable logistic regression analysis found that par entchild attachment dimensions （except for fatherchild trust） were independent risk factors for DSH behaviors. Conclu sions These results indicate that different parentchild attachment dimensions are related to the presence or absence of DSH behaviors. Improvement of parentchild attachment could help preventing DSH behaviors among middle school students.