糖尿病视网膜病变中小胶质细胞的应答-从神经血管单元角度探讨小胶质细胞的异常改变

The response of microglia in the diabetic retinopathy--To explore changes of microglia from the view of neurovascular unit

糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病最严重的微血管慢性并发症之一，其发病机制复杂。越来越多的证据表明小胶质细胞在糖尿病视网膜病变的发生发展中发挥重要作用，视网膜中持续活化的小胶质细胞引起视网膜神经元损伤和血一视网膜屏障破坏。本文回顾了近年来有关小胶质细胞在生理条件和糖尿病时在视网膜中的分布、形态、表面标志分子谱构成和生物学功能的变化等方面的研究进展，探讨生理条件下神经血管单元中小胶质细胞的功能、调节及其参与糖尿病视网膜病变的可能机制。

Being one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes, diabetic retinopa-thy（DR） is the leading cause of new cases of blindness among adults. Though the pathogenesis of DR still remains to be completely elucidated, increasing evidences suggest that microglial cells play an important role in the occurrence and development of DR. This review expect to summary the changes of distribution, mor- phology, surface marker profile and function of microglial under physiological condition and diabetic back- ground, and to further explore the physiological conditions of neurovascular unit in the function and regula- tion of microglial and its possible mechanism involved in DR.