太湖流域新石器时期的古稻作

Rice Cultivation at the Neolithic Age in Taihu Valley

对太湖流域 6个新石器时期遗址的 1 2 8份土壤样本进行植物蛋白石的定量和形态分析 ,就太湖流域新石器时期的古稻作进行初步探讨。植物蛋白石定量分析结果表明 ,太湖流域早在 80 0 0 (B.P.)年前就已开始稻作生产 ,至 6 0 0 0 (B.P.)年前这一地区的稻作生产已相当普遍 ,并得到了较快的发展 ,使太湖流域的稻作生产达到了一个较高的水平。根据水稻蛋白石形态分析结果 ,当时所栽培的稻种类型均属粳稻 ,但不同地区、不同时期的古稻种有一定差异。

The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the primitive rice cultivation and the rice group cultivated at the Neolithic Age in Taihu Valley by plant opal analysis.128 soil samples collected from 6 sites of Caoxieshan,Guangfucun,Dongshancun,Shaoqingshan,Xuecheng and Longqiuzhuang in Jiangsu province were analyzed.The quantitative analysis of plant opal detected large amounts of rice plant opals in all the soil samples from the cultural layers dated to 8 000 B.P.,suggesting that the primitive rice cultivation in Taihu Valley began early from 8 000 B.P. The rice cultivation had been rapidly developed during the Majiabang period and reached a high level at 6 000 B.P..The morphological analysis of plant opal suggested that the rice cultivated at the Neolithic Age were japonica.However,the morphological characteristics of the plant opals varied in different sites and different cultural layers.