农作物优化组合需水规律试验研究

Experimental Study on The Rules of Water Demand With Crops in Optimal Combinations

根据“水稻 -玉米”、“西瓜 -水稻”、“烤烟 -水稻”三种优化组合模式 ,与“早稻 -晚稻”浅灌中蓄灌溉为对照 ,通过试验对灌溉用水量、产量、产值和纯收入等进行了对比分析 ,提出了不同组合方式的需水指标和经济效益指标。并建立了农作物优化组合决策模型 ,对湖南省缺水地区 (水稻区“干旱死角”田 )进行了优化计算。结果表明 ,采用农作物优化组合种植模式 ,可节水 41.3 %～ 44.1%。增加产值 5 9.9%～ 13 2 .8% ,提高纯收入 16 1.1%～ 3 99.95 % ,节水高产效果十分显著。试验研究的定量数据和优化决策成果 ,为组织高产优质高效农业 ,合理利用缺水地区的水土资源提供了科学依据。

This paper puts forward indexes of water requirement and economical benefit in accordance with three combination models of rice-corn, watermelon-rice, and tobacco-rice, comparing with shallow-irrigation and middle-store for early rice-late-rice through experimental results of irrigation water uses, productions, production values and net incomes. The results can be used to plane high quality and high benefit agriculture and to provide gist for using water and land resources in reasonable.