不同生长年限紫花苜蓿种子生产性能及其效益研究

Study on the Seed Production and its Benefits of Alfalfa in Different Growing Years

2010年在地处松嫩平原的黑龙江省畜牧研究所中试基地对2年生、3年生、4年生、5年生、6年生、7年生、8年生、9年生、10年生、14年生紫花苜蓿的种子产量、产量因子、种子质量以及种子田年均收益进行了研究.结果表明：生长年限对苜蓿种子产量、每平米一级分枝数、一级分枝花序数、每花序荚果数、每荚果种子粒数存在极显著影响（P＜0.01）.随着生长年限的增加,各因子呈现先增后降,生长9年后略有回升,但维持在一个低水平.其中,种子产量最高是4年生,为310.25kg/hm2;最低是9年生,为162.81kg/hm2;而生长9年以上的苜蓿种子产量基本维持在160kg/hm2水平.苜蓿种子质量与生长年限无关,不同生长年限苜蓿种子发芽率、发芽势、硬实率差异不显著.种子田利用1～6年年均效益达到最高,为11043.00元/hm2,第6年后开始递减,建议第7年进行翻地、更新换茬.

The seed yield,yield components,seed quality and annual benefits of two year,three year,four year,five year,six year,seven year,eight year,nine year,ten year and fourteen year alfalfa on the Heilongjiang Animal Science Institute Experimental Farm in Songnen Plain were studied in 2010.The resuits showed that growing years had significant effects on the seed yield,first shoots per square meter,racemes/shoot,pods/raceme and seeds/pod of alfalfa（P＜0.01）.With the increasing of the growing year,these indexes increased first and decreased afterwards,then increased slightly,but maintained at a low level after nine years growing.Among them,the seed yields of four year alfalfa was the highest,it was 310.25kg/hm2,the lowest was nine year alfalfa,it was 162.81 kg/hm2,however,it kept 160 kg/hm2 while the alfalfa growing year was more than nine.The seed quality was not related to alfalfa growing year,significant differences were not found in germination ratio,germination energy and hard seed ratio.The annual benefits of alfalfa,used one to six years,was the highest,it was 11043.00 yuan/hm2.So,to get high benefit of alfalfa seed,it was suggested that seed field should be renewed in seven year growing.