精确延时控制爆破振动的实验研究

Experimental study of blasting vibration with precisely-controlled delay time

为了探讨电子雷管在降低爆破振动和改善岩石破碎效果方面的作用机理,基于地震波传播过程中的能量变化,给出了孔间毫秒延时时间的计算公式。根据目前国内露天矿生产实际,设计并开展了模型实验。实验结果表明,合理的孔间延时控制能够降低爆破振动。在本文的模型实验中,12ms延时间隔下爆破振动瞬时能量最大值分别是2、7和9ms延时间隔下爆破振动瞬时能量最大值的19%、25%和36%,4和12ms延时间隔下爆破振动速度峰值最大值是其他延时间隔下爆破振动速度峰值最大值的50%左右。提出的计算公式在实际工程中获得了良好的应用效果,同时验证了该计算公式的可行性。

To understand the blasting mechanism of electronic detonators in weakening blasting vibration and improving rock fragmentation, a calculation formula was given for the millisecond-delayed time between blasting holes based on the energy change in the process of seismic wave propagation. And the model test was designed and carried out according to the actual open pits in China. The test results show that reasonably controlling the delay times between blasting holes can weaken blasting vibration. In the tests, the instantaneous energy of blasting vibration by the 12-millisecond-delay in- terval is 19~, 25o//oo and 36~ of those by 2-, 7- and 9-millisecond-delay intervals, respectively. The peak velocity of blasting vibration by 4- and 12-millisecond-delay intervalls is around 50% of those by the other delay intervals. And the given calculation formula was applied in an engineering practice and its feasibility was validated.