新疆榆树新害虫——宽颊纹潜叶蜂生物学特性及防治初步研究

Preliminary study on biological characteristics of a new pest Kaliofenusa genata Wei and its control in elm in Xinjiang

宽颊纹潜叶蜂(Kaliofenusa genata Wei,sp.nov.)是为害榆树的一类新害虫。对宽颊纹潜叶蜂成虫、卵、幼虫、蛹的形态特征进行了描述,并对其生物学特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,宽颊纹潜叶蜂在新疆伊犁地区1年发生1代。以蛹在土壤中做茧越冬。4月初蛹开始羽化,约4月13日达到高峰,4月23日左右结束。成虫平均寿命约10 d,羽化后5～7 d成虫开始产卵。卵5～8 d孵化。幼虫是为害榆树的唯一虫态。4月20日卵开始孵化,5月2日达到孵化高峰。幼虫期12～15 d。至5月20日幼虫全部落入土壤化蛹。早春低温、低湿不利于此虫发生。最后,提出加强栽培管理,充分利用天敌、适时使用高效、低毒化学药剂进行点片防治的治理措施。

Kaliofenusa genata Wei was a new pest in elm in Xinjiang. Morphological characteristics of adults, eggs, larvae and pupa of K. genata were described and its biological characteristics were studied. The results showed that K. genata occurred one generation per year in Yili area in Xinjiang with pupa cocoon overwintering in the soil, and adult emerged at the beginning of April, reached a peak about April 13th and ended at around April 23rd. Average life expectancy of adults was about 10 days. Adult began to lay eggs after emergency 5 to 7 days and egg was hatching larvae for 5 to 8 days. Larvae stage was about 12~15 days and it was the only stage of harmful to elm, larvae began to hatch on around April 20th and reached hatching peak on May 2nd, and fall into soil to pupate larvae in May 20th. Low temperature and humidity were unsuitable condition for occurrence of K. genata in early spring. Control measures of strengthening planting management,making full use of natural enemies, and ＂spot control＂ by high efficiency and low toxicity pesticide were put forward.