椒江口海域春秋季虾类群落结构及其影响因素

Shrimp community structure and its influential factors in the Jiaojiang River estuary during spring and autumn

依据2010年春季(4月)和秋季(10月)椒江口海域渔业资源调查资料,分析了虾类的种类组成、优势度、物种数量的空间分布及多样性、相似性等群落结构特征,并对其影响因素进行探讨.结果表明:椒江口海域春秋两季共出现虾类16种,隶属于8科12属,其中春季14种,秋季12种;春季优势种有中国毛虾、鲜明鼓虾、哈氏仿对虾、细螯虾、日本鼓虾、葛氏长臂虾6种,秋季优势种依次为中华管鞭虾、哈氏仿对虾、周氏新对虾3种.椒江口海域虾类以广温广盐生态类群为主,其次为广温低盐生态类群.多样性分析表明,Margalef种类丰富度指数和Shannon多样性指数较高的站位主要集中在大陈岛西侧海域,整个调查海域的均匀性指数较为稳定.运用聚类和多维标度对群落结构的相似性进行分析,结合水深等环境因子对椒江口虾类的群聚类型进行了讨论,椒江口虾类群落结构的季节变化明显、空间分异显著,水深是导致椒江口海域春秋季虾类群落结构组成差异的主要原因.

Based on the data from two oceanographic surveys during April and October 2010, the spatial and seasonal variations in composition, dominance, and diversity of shrimp communities, as well as the influential factors in the Jiaojiang River estuary were analyzed. A total of 16 species of shrimp were found, which belonged to 12 families under 8 genera. 14 species of shrimp were found in spring （April） and 12 species in autumn （October）. With the employment of index of relative importance （IRI）, in spring 6 dominant species were identified, as Acetes chinensis, Alpheus dis- tinguendus, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, Leptochela gracilis, Alpheus juponicus and Palaemon gra- vieri, and in autumn 3 dominant species were found as Solenocera crassicornis, Parapenaeopsis hard- wickii and Metapenaeus joyneri. Eurythermal and eurysaline shrimp community prevailed in the Jiao- jiang River estuary, followed by eurythermal and hyposaline shrimp community. Margalef index （D）, Shannon index （H） and Pielou＇s evenness index were used to evaluate the diversity of shrimp community in the studied area. The stations with higher value of D and H were mainly located in the west of the Dachen Island, whereas the Pielou＇s evenness index was stable all across the Jiaojiang River estuary. By hierarchical cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling （NMDS） method, the results indicated that shrimp communities had significant seasonal and spatial varia- tions. Depth was the most important factor that affected variations in the shrimp community structure in the Jiaojiang River estuary.