森林积雪蒸发测算方法及研究进展

Measurement and estimation methods and research progress of snow evaporation in forests

森林积雪蒸发(升华)动态的准确测算是正确理解森林积雪区地表能量和水量平衡的关键问题之一,也是区域水文模型和气候模式的重要环节.本文综述了现有的森林积雪蒸发测算方法,分析了质量平衡法(包括雪水当量法、降雪和穿透降雪对比测量法、雪面蒸发器法、蒸渗仪法、单株称量法、树冠截雪称量法和γ射线减弱技术)和微气象法(包括波文比能量平衡法、彭曼联合法、空气动力学法、表面温度技术和涡度相关法)的适用性.同时对不同森林类型积雪蒸发及其影响因素的研究进展进行了详细回顾,并结合现有研究的不足对今后的森林积雪蒸发研究进行展望,以期为未来的森林积雪蒸发相关研究提供指导.

Accurate measurement and estimation of snow evaporation （sublimation） in forests is one of the important issues to the understanding of snow surface energy and water balance, and it is also an essential part of regional hydrological and climate models. This paper summarized the measure- ment and estimation methods of snow evaporation in forests, and made a comprehensive applicability evaluation, including mass-balance methods （snow water equivalent method, comparative measure- ments of snowfall and through-snowfall, snow evaporation pan, lysimeter, weighing of cut tree, weighing interception on crown, and gamma-ray attenuation technique ） and micrometeorological methods （Bowen-ratio energy-balance method, Penman combination equation, aerodynamics meth- od, surface temperature technique and eddy covariance method）. Also this paper reviewed the pro- gress of snow evaporation in different forests and its influeneal factors. At last, combining the defi- ciency of past research, an outlook for snow evaporation rearch in forests was presented, hoping to provide a reference for related research in the future.