内镜下黏膜多环套扎切除术治疗食管癌前病变和早癌并发症的防治

Prevention and treatment of complications during and after endoscopic mucosal band ligation for esophageal precancerous lesions and early cancer

目的探讨内镜下黏膜多环套扎切除术（EMBL）治疗食管癌前病变和早癌的并发症发生情况及其治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2011年6月至2013年8月在复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心接受EMBL治疗的47例食管癌前病变或早癌患者的病例资料，分析术中、术后以及随访过程中并发症的发生及治疗情况。结果术中并发症包括出血7例（14．9％）和穿孔1例（2．1％），分别予以热活检钳和氩离子凝固器成功止血以及金属钛夹缝合创面；无皮下气肿和气胸病例。术后并发症包括迟发性出血1例（2．1％），胃镜下止血成功；皮下和纵隔气肿2例（4．3％），胸腔积液6例（12.8％）．肺炎及肺不张5例（10．6％），均保守治疗后缓解。在1～20月的随访过程中，出现食管狭窄7例（14．9％），分别予以气囊扩张术和金属履膜支架置入术症状改善。无手术相关死亡病例，所有并发症无一例需追加外科手术处理。术后病理示：慢性炎性增生型改变1例，低级别上皮内瘤变11例，高级别上皮内瘤变15例，原位癌8例，鳞癌12例（其中8例侵及黏膜肌层，4例侵及黏膜下层）．除1例黏膜下癌因切缘欠安全追加开胸食管癌根治术外，其余患者切缘均为阴性。随访期间未见复发病例。结论EMBL治疗食管癌前病变和早癌出现的并发症可保守治疗。

Objective To investigate the prevention and treatment of complications during and after endoscopic mucosal band ligation （EMBL） for precancerous lesions and early cancer in the esophagus. Methods Clinical data of 47 patients with esophageal precancerous lesions and early cancer undergoing EMBL in our center from June 2011 to August 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Complications and associated treatment during operation, after operation and during follow-up were analyzed. Results Complications during operation included 7 cases of bleeding （14.9%） and 1 case of perforation （2.1%）, who received hot biopsy forceps and argon plasma coagulation to stop bleeding successfully, and titanium clamp to suture wound surface. No cutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax occurred. Complications after operation included 1 case of delayed bleeding （2.1%） who received blood stopping under gastroscope, 2 cases of mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema （4.3%）, 6 cases of pleural effusion （12.8%）, and 5 cases of minor inflammation or segmental atelectasis of pulmonary （10.6%）, who all received successful conservative treatment. Seven cases of esophageal strictureoccurred during follow-up, who were improved by balloon dilatation and metal-film stent placement. No deaths associated with EMBL occurred. All the complications were cured through conservative treatment. No additional surgery associated with the complications was needed. Post-operative pathology revealed 1 case was chronic inflammatory hyperplasia, 11 were low-grade intraepithelial tumor, 15 were high-grade intraepithelial tumor, 8 were carcinoma in situ, 12 were squamous cancer （8 with invasion into mucous muscular layer, 4 into submucous layer）. Only 1 case of submucous cancer needed transthorax esophageal cancer radical operation because of dangerous margin. No relapse case was found during followed-up. Conclusion EMBL can treat the esophageal precancerous lesions and early esophageal cancer effectively and its complications can be managed with conservative therapy usually.