microRNAs在骨形成中的作用--运动调控骨代谢的新机制

Novel Mechanism in Regulation of Bone Metabolism by Exercise——Focused on MicroRNAs' s Role in Bone Formation

microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类具有组织或发育阶段特异性的小分子、非编码单链RNA,通过转录后与靶基因特定序列结合来发挥其调控作用.作为骨中的最重要的两种重要细胞——成骨细胞和破骨细胞,其代谢平衡与骨形成密切相关.研究发现,miRNAs在调节成骨细胞和破骨细胞分化及功能发挥上具有重要作用,并且运动训练可通过调节miRNAs进而调控骨细胞分化.一般来说,适宜强度运动训练可上调某些miRNAs表达来促进成骨细胞或破骨细胞分化及功能;当失重或过量运动时,则会产生抑制作用.本文就miRNAs调控干细胞向成骨细胞和破骨细胞分化及功能发挥的分子生物学机制以及运动训练调节与骨代谢相关miRNAs表达的研究进展进行综述.

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） , are a kind of small-molecules and non-coding single-stranded RNAs with specific performance of tissue or developmental stage, miRNAs play their regulatory role in binding to the specific sequences of target genes after transcription. The metabolic balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts are two of the most important cell types in bone closely related to bone formation. Previous studys suggested that miRNAs play an important role in regulating differentiation and function for osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Furthermore, exercise can influence the bone cell differentiation by modulating the miRNAs. It is generally accepted that moderate exercise can promote the differentiation and function for osteoblasts and osteoclasts by up-regulating the expression of some miRNAs. In contrast, the weight loss or excessive exercise may produce a negative effect. Therefore, the current study was to review the molecular mechanism in the differentiation from stem cells to osteoblasts and osteoclasts and function regulated by miRNAs. In addition, this study intended to identify the relationship between exercise and bone metabolism regulated by miRNAs.