睡眠时长对学龄前儿童认知功能的影响

Impact of sleep duration on cognitive functions among preschoolers

目的：探讨学龄前儿童白天睡眠以及晚上睡眠对其注意力、记忆力以及语言能力等认知能力的影响。方法：采用皮博迪图片词汇测验、图片划销测试以及空间工作记忆任务对杭州和北京的94名学龄前儿童的认知能力进行测试，并采用自编问卷调查儿童的人口学相关情况以及白天和晚上的睡眠情况。结果：学龄前儿童白天睡眠时长以及总睡眠时长的年级差异有统计学意义（F 0.05（3, 90） =6.346, P=0.001；F 0.05（3, 90） =2.925, P=0.038），晚上睡眠时长差异无统计学意义。晚上睡眠时长以及总睡眠时长与儿童的注意力和工作记忆广度呈显著正相关（r=0.202~0.282），与语言能力的相关差异无统计学意义。白天睡眠时长与各认知测试的得分相关均无统计学意义。回归分析结果显示，总睡眠时长对儿童的注意力以及工作记忆广度有较好的预测作用，进一步分析显示，晚上睡眠时长对儿童的注意力以及工作记忆广度有较好的预测作用。结论：总睡眠时长尤其是晚上睡眠时长可能影响学龄前儿童的注意力以及工作记忆等认知能力。

To explore the effect of sleep duration including napping, night sleep and total sleep duration on cognitive functions among preschoolers. Methods： The samples consisted of 94 preschoolers, aged from 2.58 to 6.75 years, from Hangzhou and Beijing. Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised （PPVT-R）, Picture Deletion Task for Preschoolers （PDTP） and Spatial Working Memory Test were applied to assess the cognitive functions of these preschoolers. Basic demographic information and sleep information were collected with self-made questionnaires. Results： The results of the present study indicated that among all the participants, there were significant grade differences in napping duration and total sleep duration （F 0.05（3, 90） =6.346, P=0.001; F 0.05（3, 90） =2.925, P=0.038）. The total sleep duration was decreased with age. However, the night sleep duration was not changed significantly with age. The correlations between the night sleep and total sleep duration and the scores of attention and working memory were significantly positive （r=0.202-0.282）. No significant correlations were noted between the napping and all the scores of cognitive tests. The regression analysis showed that the total sleep duration especially the night sleep duration could well explain the variance of attention and working memory. Conclusion： Total sleep duration, especially night sleep duration may have great impact on preschoolers’ cognitive functions, such as attention and working memory. Enough sound night sleep may help to promote the cognitive functions of the target population.