典型设施农业土壤酞酸酯污染特征及其健康风险

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of phthalate esters in typical intensive agricultural soils

采用超声提取、气相色谱-质谱技术和CalTOX模型，分析了南京城郊典型设施菜地土壤中6种酞酸酯的污染特征、污染负荷及其健康风险．结果表明，所有的土壤样品中均检测出酞酸酯，6种酞酸酯的总量为0．15～9．68mg／kg，其平均含量为2．21mg／kg；邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DnBP）、邻苯二甲酸（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DnOP）为该地区设施农业土壤的主要酞酸酯种类，其检出率分别为88．2％、100％和79．8％，含量范围分别在n．d．～1．83、0．02～9．03、n．d．～1．74mg／kg之间；土壤pH值和有机碳含量与土壤酞酸酯含量之间无显著相关性，研究区域土壤酞酸酯总体污染负荷为4．31kg／hm^2；健康风险评价结果表明DnBP和DEHP的潜在健康风险较高．设施农业从业者的主要暴露途径通过皮肤接触；设施菜地土壤酞酸酯含量、污染负荷以及健康风险均显著高于周边地区露天菜地土壤．

The pollution characteristics, load and health risk assessment of 6 phthalate esters in soils from intensive vegetable fields in Nanjing, China were investigated by ultrasonic extraction combined with GC-MS and CalTOX model. The results showed that phthalate esters were detected in all soil samples, the total concentration of the 6PAEs ranged from 0.15-9.68mg/kg, with a mean of 2.21mg/kg. The dominant PAEs were di-n-butyl phthalate （DnBP）, bis-（2-Ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP） and di-n-octyl phthalate （DnOP） with 88.2%, 100% and 79.8% detection rate, the concentrations of which in soils ranged from n.d.-1.83, 0.02-9.03, n.d.-1.74mg/kg, respectively. There was no significant correlation among soil organic carbon, pH and PAEs concentrations. Total pollution load of PAEs was about 4.3 Ikg/hm2 in the study area. Health risk assessment indicated that the risk of DnBP and DEHP was higher, and dermal contact was the primary exposure pathway to growers. Phthalate concentration, pollution load and health risks of intensive vegetable soils were significantly higher than these of surrounding outdoor vegetable soils.