阿克苏河——塔里木河流域的自然条件及其在农业生产中的意义

NATURAL CONDITION IN AKESU RIVER-TARIM RIVER SYSTEM AND ITS AGRICULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

本文把阿克苏河——塔里木河流域(简称阿——塔河流域)作为一个封闭系统,主要阐述流域的自然条件,并对自然条件在农业生产中的利弊进行了全面分析。指出在干旱地区农业开发中,必须统筹安排,全面规划,上中下游合理利用,重视保护脆弱的生态环境,才能取得经济效益、社会效益与生态效益的全面收获。

In the latest fourty years, the originally united Tarim river system has been disintegratedinto three parts, one of which, the Akesu river-Tarim river system, appears to have been aclosed independent river system. The Akesu river and Tarim river are located seperatedly at the southern slope and theforeland plain of Tianshan Mountain, the two morphological units, with their natural condi-tions being of quite difference. Owing to the high elevation and rich precipitation, the formeris characterized by intensive seasonal temperature change, relatively good vegetation andmodern glaciers distributed in its alpine districts. The latter, with quite little rainfall, issubijected to dry climate through the whole year. Since the sunshine time is long in theforeland plain, there is plentiful illumination and heat resource. The agriculture in the oasesmostly depends on the water resource from Tianshan Mountain. The Akesu river plays a keyrole in the agriculture development in the north Tarim Basin. Compared with the whole south Xinjiang, the natural condition is good in the region ofAkesu rivet-Tarim river. In the recent decades, the agriculture has been developed rapidly.Several large oases near the river occurred to have been the fundamental grain and cottonproducing bases of Xinjiang. The much more economic, social, ecological benefits will begained if we can utilize the natural resources better, make more reasonable arrangement ofproduction avtivities, consider the local conditions as a whole and pay more attentions to theecological environment.