新疆境内的泥石流

AN OUTLINE OF DEBRIS FLOW IN XINJIANG

本文在概述泥石流学基本问题的基础上,讨论了新疆境内泥石流的发生与制约因素,由于新疆泥石流受水源的制约,主要形成了冰川泥石流和暴雨泥石流两大类。其分布由北而南,依次是阿尔泰山及其山麓和塔城盆地;天山及其南北麓;阿尔金山与昆仑山及其北麓三大区域。并针对新疆泥石流灾害提出了防治的原则和方法。

This paper,following the general problems of glaciology given,presented the basic condi-tions of debris flow formation in Xinjiang under arid circumstances: i.e.large amount of looseQuaternary deposits and glaciers; glacioaqueous sediments; great differences in altitude be,tween mountain peaks and lowlands; rainstorms in the mountain areas; ice- and snow-meltwater; as well as the frequent earthquake activities etc. The debris flow activities in Xinjiang occur mainly as rainstorm and glacier debris flowdue to the influences of latitude and vapour sources. For the distribution from north to south,extensively display in three zones; AltaiMountains. and Tacheng Basin; Tianshan MountainsAerjing Mountains and Kunlun Mountains. In the same time, the paper also presented the disasters of debris flow in Xinjiang in the40 years and analysed the causes, scales and the damages. Researches were also made onreappearance properties of debris flow in Kunlun Mountains and Tianshan Mountains. According to the research, the study on debris flow should be taken seriously into con-sideration because of its disasters to national economy and people livehood will be no lessthan that of earthquakes. At last, in view of the disasters in Xinjiang caused by debris flow, protection principlesand methods were raised.