收获后烟秆不同处理方式对烟草病害发生的影响

Effects of Different Treatments of Tobacco Stems on the Tobacco Diseases

为了探讨烤烟收获后烟秆不同处理方式对烟草病害的影响,采用多点单因素田间小区实验,研究了2种基本烟秆处理方式下烟田青枯病、黑胫病与病毒病的发生情况。结果表明:烟秆离田上岸处理比砍断还田处理的烟田青枯病、黑胫病与病毒病的始发期分别推迟14、35、23 d;盛发期发病率分别降低21.58%、17.02%、16.35%,病指降低8.89、7.95、6.80;定案调查期发病率分别降低32.15%、17.68%、22.10%,病指降低19.77、10.09、10.10;离田上岸处理烟田青枯病、黑胫病与病毒病发病增长率(定案期-盛发期)分别为1.33%、1.23%、0.19%,病指增长(定案期-盛发期)分别为0.39、0.55、0.20。试验表明,烟秆离田上岸处理可以推迟黑胫病的始发期,降低青枯病的发病率与病指,可以更好地减缓病毒病的扩散。

In order to study the impacts of different treatments of tobacco stems on tobacco diseases, a multi-regional sin-gle-factor field plot experiments was conducted. The results showed that： with the treatment of processed tobacco stems from the fields ashore, the originating time of the tobacco bacterial wilt, black shank disease and viral diseases were post-poned 14 days, 35 days, 23 days respectively compared with that under the treatment of tobacco straw returning. The inci-dence of disease occurrence during flourishing period decreased by 21. 58%, 17. 02%, 16. 35%, respectively, and the disease index decreased by 8. 89,7. 95,6. 80. During the final survey period, the incidences of disease were reduced by 32. 15%, 17. 68%, 22. 10%, and disease index decreased by 19. 77, 10. 09, 10. 10 separately. The occurrences of to-bacco bacterial wilt, black shank disease and viral diseases （ finalized phase - flourishing period） were 1. 33%, 1. 23%, 0. 19%, and the disease incidence （ finalized phase - flourishing period） were 0. 39,0. 55,0. 20 respectively. This study showed that tobacco stems from the fields ashore treatment could postpone the blackleg originating, decrease the incidence of bacterial wilt disease and it evidently slow the spread of viral diseases.