太极拳在美国跨文化传播的质性研究

Qualitative Research of the Cross-cultural Communication of Tai Chi in the United States

太极拳在美国开展十分普遍,为了深入研究太极拳在美国跨文化传播,采用文献资料法、访谈法等研究方法,基于扎根理论,对美国27家武馆的30位太极拳从业人员访谈,并对访谈内容编码分析。结果发现:传播者之间存在"多而不和"的现象,缺乏正规的管理组织,"正宗"与否是传播者之间竞争的核心;传播途径单一,传播范围较窄,多以长套路为主,缺乏相关的评价标准;太极拳的传播受众以中老年群体为主,健身是主要的练习目的,多以尝试心理参加练习;太极拳传播范围"广而不深";太极拳在美国的传播需要提高传播者素质、采用多元化传播途径、挖掘深层传播内容和建立科学评价体系。研究更深入的挖掘了太极拳在美国跨文化传播的深层动因,为更好地实现太极拳的国际化传播提供依据。

Tai Chi is very popular in United States. In order to deeply understand the situation of cross-cultural communication of Tai Chi in United States, this paper reviewed literatures and interviewed 30 people from 27 dif- ferent Tai chi business clubs. The results show that communicators have the problem of ＂mathematical but not u- nited＂ and lack of tbrmal management organization. ＂Authentic or not＂ is the core of competition between commu- nicators. The conmmnication path of Tai chi is narrow and simple. The major content of Tai chi is long routine. There is still lack of criterion to evaluate Tai Chi. The audiences of Tai chi are mainly older adults whose main purpose of learning Tai Chi is fitness, and most of them just want to have a try. The communication range of Tai chi is ＂Wide but less deep＂. It is necessary to improve the qualification of communicators, adopt diversified transmission, find deep content and establish a scientific evaluation system in order to promote the dissemination of Tai Chi in United States. This study will be helpful tor Tai Chi communication in United States.