蹦床运动员着网起跳动作的运动生物力学分析

Biomechanics Analysis of Taking-Off Movement of Trampoline Athletes

对江苏省蹦床队7名男子运动员在网上不同区域内着网起跳的足底压力与高速摄像进行综合分析,探讨运动员着网起跳过程中的足底压力分布与着网、蹬伸过程中肌肉肌电信号的时域、频域特点,为蹦床运动员掌握科学的着网起跳技术提供理论依据。结果表明:在网的不同区域,足底中心轨迹无明显差异,一区域肌群MS明显高于其他区域,着网过程中的IEMG普遍大于离网蹬伸过程。运动员蹬伸起网直至离网触网时刻足趾部分在一区域均受力,二区域和三区域均无受力。在网最低点时刻足跟受力最大,足弓外侧部分与网接触面积最大。离网时刻足趾部分在三区域受力大于其它两个区域,在较硬的区域肌肉收缩与较软区域相比不充分,足底滞留力较多。

This study comprehensively analyzed the motion and plantar pressure in 7 male athletes of Jiangsu trampo- line team during taking-off on different zones of trampoline network. The study analyzed plantar pressure distribution in the net and major muscle surface EMG indicators during taking-off process, in order to provide evidence for tram- poline athletes net jumping. The plantar center path showed no significant difference in different zones of network. If the taking-off movement took place at zone A, the MS of major muscle group is significantly higher than those took place at zone B and C. During the period from kicking network to taking-off, the toe will bear force if the movement takes place at zone A, but it will not bear force when at zone B and C. At the lowest point of network, the heel bear maximal force and the contact area between lateral part of the arch of foot and network is the biggest. During the mo- ment of taking-off, the toe will bear more force if the movement takes place at zone C. In harder zone, the muscle contraction is inadequate and foot retention force is bigger compared to softer zone.