准噶尔瓣囊顶冰花物候及地下鳞茎形态变化观察

Observation of the phenological process and the developmental changes in morphology of the bulb of Gagea sacculifera Rgl. from the Dzungaria Basin Desert

鳞茎植物是生存于干旱荒漠环境中的一类重要生活型类群。鳞茎植物以地下鳞茎作为营养贮存器官,鳞茎内的芽以休眠状态渡过不利季节,而在水份与温度等环境条件适宜时的迅速反应,很快完成一年的生活周期。近几年B.Boenken等人对以色列内格夫荒漠的几种鳞茎植物进行了生态与生物学方面的研究,目前国内还未见有这方面的研究报道。本文对分布于准噶尔盆地荒漠的瓣囊顶冰花的物候学特征进行了野外观察,并解剖和观察了地下鳞茎在更替过程中的形态发育变化。

Gagea sacculifera Rgl., a perennial bulb species from the Dzungaria Basin Desert, completes its short annual life cycle in early spring within about 60 days. With swift replacement of the phenological events of above ground parts, the developmental changes in morphology within a bulb occur in the course of replacement of the perennial bulb organ: 1, with the consumption of the stored reserves, the previous bulb become a thin layer of membranous sheath at the end of the growing season. 2. the development and formation of current year's bulb and lateral bulblets. 3. the base of basal leaf swells and becomes fleshy and at the end of the prowing season forms a layer of black corraceous sheath surround the current year's bulb and bulblets. 4. the basal foliage and flower bud are differentiated within the current year's bulb at the end of the growing season and are in dormant state before the arrival of summer.