青海高原有蹄类的分布特征

The Distribution Characteristics of Ungulate in Qinghai Plateau

青海高原北接蒙新荒漠、南邻西南山地、东连黄土高原。平均海拔在4000米以上。低温、强风、空气稀薄、光辐射强、地势险峻、冬季严寒、夏季凉爽为其自然特征。受东南季风尾闾的影响,降水量由东向西递减,植被分布呈东西走向,依次为寒温性针叶林——温性草原——荒漠,显示出明显的东西向演替现象。受其影响,有蹄类动物的分布亦呈现相应的规律。

20 species of Ungulate belong to 2 orders and 5 families are distributed in Qinghai Plateau. 17 species of them are under the protection of our state. Among which, there are 8 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau species, which make up 40% of the total numbers; 3 Mongolia-Xinjiang Desert species, amount to 15%; 2 Boreal Forest Grasslands species, account for 10%; 5 Southwestern Montane species, make up 25%; 2 Cosmopolitan species, make up 10%. According to the present existing status of ungulate in Hehuang Valley, Caidam Basin, Guoluo and the southern fringe of Yushu, the article probed into the transition feature of each fauna composition in above three areas. And probed into the distribution characteristics in five different habitable environments on the basis of difference of distribution and habitable environment of ungulate in Qinghai Plateau.