民法总则的使命及其应规范之内涵——以中国民法总则草案为探讨中心

The Mission of General Rules of Civil Law and Their Normative Conception——Discussion of the Draft for General Rules of Civil Law in China

所有现代欧陆民法法典,不论是法国民法典、德国民法典,抑或是继承两民法典之法典以及参考两民法典之法典,均设有民法总则之规定。中国最近有制定民法总则的计划,并已提出建议稿,但此前已经有了9个单行之民法法律规范,构建了松散型的民法典体例,而民法总则属于一体型民法典之构成部分,这就需要对以往民法法律规范重新整合。结合中国民法总则草案建议稿,对民法总则应加以规范之内容,以及法律原则、权利能力和行为能力、法人、民事客体、法律事实、民事责任等具体规范加以分析探讨,以期为制定科学合理的民法总则提供参考。

In European and Continental areas, no particular General Rules are formulated in their Civil Code, neither in French Civil Code nor in German Civil Code, and similar cases for countries who inherited or took reference from those two Civil Codes. The recent plan in China is to formulate General Rules of Civil Law and the pertinent draft has been proposed. Besides, there are nine separate regulations of civil law, which form a loose type of Civil Code system. Since the General Rules are part of the integrated Civil Code, the pres- ent civil regulations need to be reorganized. Based on the Draft for General Rules of Civil Law in China, spe- cific provisions should be formulated and further analyzed, such as legal principles, capacity for rights, capac- ity for conducts, legal persons, civil objects, legal facts and civil liability, so as to provide reference for the formulation of scientific and rational General Rules of Civil Law.