马克思“两条道路”视野下的科学哲学

Philosophy of Science in the Perspective of "The Two Roads" of Marx

理解马克思所提出的认识过程的"两条道路",关键是把握作为两条道路转折点的"最贴近的规定"。由分形理论可知,认识过程的两条道路具有普遍性。近代以降,科学的发展在整体上经历了两条道路。"两条道路"本身具有反身性。科学哲学及其与科学关系,目前所呈现出的纷争的缘由之一,在于没有区分行进于两条道路上的科学,没有觉察到科学哲学自身的发展也经历两条道路。在第二条道路的科学和科学哲学发散的基础上,"新科学"——新的收敛正在酝酿、萌芽。中国科技哲学界在厘清自身定位的基础上面临两大挑战和机遇:其一,发展中国的"地方性"科学哲学;其二,关注并参与"新科学"。

The key to understanding ＂The Two Roads＂ of the cognitive process proposed by Marx, is to grasp the ＂closest provision＂ of the turning point of The Two Roads. In the perspective of the fractal theory, the two roads of the cognitive process have the fea- ture of universality. Since the modern times, the development of science on the whole experiences two roads, which are reflexive themselves. One of the reasons for the emergence of the dispute between the philosophy of science and science, lies in the lack of dis- crimination of science proceeding on the two roads, as well of the lack of awareness of the two roads in the development of philosophy of science itself. On the basis of the emanation of science and philosophy of science on the second road, ＂new science＂, i. e. , new con- vergence ~s being brewed to sprout. On the basis of clarification of its own orientation, China＇s philosophy of science and technology faces two challenges as well as opportnnities.. First, the development of Chinas ＂local＂ philosophy of science; Second close attention and participation of ＂new science＂.