元代多族士人圈中师生关系的新变

New Changes of the Teacher-student Relation in the Multi-ethnic Networks of the Yuan Dynasty

元代出现了中国历史上前所未有的多族士人圈。士人圈中的师生关系发生了新变:少数民族士人作为师长,进行汉文化传播。本文对此现象进行了考察,发现在元代中央科考、地方官学、私人办学、民间游学等教育形式中,有大量的非汉族士人参与汉文化教育传承。少数民族士人以自身的民族性格,给予中华文化以有益补充,为元代文化的丰富与发展,精英教育的延续,大众教育的推广做出了重大贡献。

In the Yuan Dynasty, there emerged multi-ethnic networks unprecedented in Chinese history. Within the networks, changes took place in the relation between teachers and students with ethnic minority scholars becoming teachers who propagated the Chinese culture. This paper has made a survey of the change and found that many ethnic minority scholars participated in education and in inheritance of the Chinese culture through imperial examinations, local official schools, private schools, and study tours. Their ethnic characters offered beneficial supplement to the Chinese culture, enriched culture, continued elite education and popularized mass education in the Yuan Dynasty.