初级卫生保健人员参与家庭控烟的效果探讨

Evaluation of a Smoking Control Program for Families with Pregnant Women and Babies Under 1 Year Old

目的 :探讨为孕产妇和婴幼儿创造无烟环境的有效措施。方法 :于 1997年以北京市 7家医院所保健的有吸烟者的 5 93户孕产妇及 1岁以下婴幼儿家庭为对象 ,通过发动保健科医生积极参与 ,将控烟干预同孕产妇、婴幼儿的常规医疗保健工作融合起来 ,开展了一系列的吸烟调查和家庭控烟活动。结果 :1年后对活动进行评价 ,结果表明 :吸烟者的知、信、行均有所改变 ,特别是在家中的吸烟情况有了明显改善。 91.1%的吸烟者都有为孩子创造无烟的家居环境的良好意愿 ,6 0 %以上的吸烟者或戒烟或减少了吸烟量 ,其中 10 .6 % (2 3人 )的吸烟者通过本活动完全戒了烟 ,49.8%的人吸烟量减少。“无烟家庭”由最初的 319个增加到 336个。即使仍在家庭环境吸烟 ,也有越来越多的烟民会自觉顾虑到被动吸烟的问题 ,吸烟者不在居室内吸烟而主动到阳台、院子或厨房里吸烟 ,能确保居室环境无烟的家庭从 5 5 %增加到 82 % ,此变化具有统计学显著性意义。结论 :这种将控烟干预纳入初级卫生保健常规的家庭控烟方法有效、可行 ,值得进一步完善并推广使用。

Objective:Family is a common smoking place.Pregnant women and babies are suffering from passive smoking.Providing smoking free household environment for pregnant women and babies is urgent.Methods:Intervention program of smoking control on 593 families with pregnant women and babies were carried out in 1997 in 7 hospitals in Beijing.We ask the primary health care workers to educate the pregnant and nursing women on smoking control while providing health care service to them and their babies.Impact evaluation was conduct after 1 year intervention.Result:217 families with smokers were re interviewed.①The knowledge,belief and behavior on smoking of smokers have been improved.②91.1% of initial smokers like to provide smoke free household settings for pregnant women and babies,60% of them either abstinent(about 10.6%) or reduced the number of cigarettes smoked per day(about 50%).③The number of smoke free families increased from 319 to 336.Smoking habits of smo kers at home have been changed notably.More and more smokers begin to concern about the risk of passive smoking on other family members' health,even those who still smoking at home could spontaneously step out of the room when smoking,and the proportion of smoke free household settings increased from 55% to 82.4%.This increase is statistically significant.Conclusion:Results suggest that integrating smoking control intervention into the primary health care routine work is an effective and acceptable measure for protecting the health of children and women.The program should be perfected and enforced.